Idioms taken literally, sentence 2
Every language has idioms, and they sound mad when translated word for word: a Ukrainian gran says "вішати локшину на вуха", "to hang noodles on someone's ears", which means to tell them nonsense.
Who acts: language, cats, Ukrainian gran, nonsense · What happens: have, sound, translate, say, hang, mean · To what, where: idioms, word, noodles, ears, cats · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Idioms taken literally» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language, cats, Ukrainian gran, nonsense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 language | det |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | idioms | idiom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sound | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 sound | cc |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 sound | nsubj |
| 8 | sound | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 9 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sound | xcomp |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 translated | advmod |
| 11 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 sound | advcl |
| 12 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 translated | obj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 word | case |
| 14 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 word | nmod |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 says | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 gran | det |
| 17 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 gran | amod |
| 18 | gran | gran | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 says | nsubj |
| 19 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 вішати | punct |
| 21 | вішати | вішати | X | Foreign=Yes | 19 says | conj |
| 22 | локшину | локшину | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 вішати | flat:foreign |
| 23 | на | на | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 вішати | flat:foreign |
| 24 | вуха | вуха | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 вішати | flat:foreign |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 вішати | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 вішати | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 вішати | punct |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 hang | mark |
| 29 | hang | hang | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 вішати | advcl |
| 30 | noodles | noodle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 hang | obj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 ears | case |
| 32 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 34 ears | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 someone | case |
| 34 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 hang | obl |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 hang | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 means | punct |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 means | nsubj |
| 38 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 hang | advcl |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 tell | mark |
| 40 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 means | xcomp |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 tell | iobj |
| 42 | nonsense | nonsense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 tell | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | every language | idioms | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idiom=Patient | ||||
| 2 | sound | present | cats = cat | mad property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | translate | participle | cats = cat not said here | word | for word | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | a Ukrainian gran | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | hang in a quote | to-infinitive | a Ukrainian gran not said here | noodles | someone's ears | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent noodle=Theme on ear=Destination | |||
| 6 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | tell speech: assert not said to happen | to-infinitive | nonsense | cats = cat | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:025-idioms-taken-literally.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/25-idioms-taken-literally/2/