Homophones: words that sound the same, sentence 8

For most English speakers "which" and "witch" sound the same, but many speakers in Scotland and Ireland say "wh" with a breathy sound, so the two are different.

Who acts: many speakers, two · What happens: sound, say, be · To what, where: same, wh · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Homophones: words that sound the same» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many speakers, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	ADP	_	4 speakers	case
2	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 speakers	amod
3	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 speakers	amod
4	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 sound	obl
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 which	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 sound	nsubj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 which	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 witch	cc
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 witch	punct
10	witch	witch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 which	conj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 witch	punct
12	sound	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 same	det
14	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sound	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 say	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 say	cc
17	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 speakers	amod
18	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 say	nsubj
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Scotland	case
20	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 speakers	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Ireland	cc
22	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Scotland	conj
23	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 sound	conj
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 wh	punct
25	wh	wh	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 say	obj
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 wh	punct
27	with	with	ADP	_	30 sound	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 sound	det
29	breathy	breathy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 sound	amod
30	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 say	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 different	punct
32	so	so	ADV	_	36 different	advmod
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 two	det
34	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	36 different	nsubj
35	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 different	cop
36	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sound	parataxis
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 sound	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sound	present		the same	for most English speakers	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location same=Theme
2	say speech: assert	present	many speakers in Scotland and Ireland	wh	with a breathy sound	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent wh=Theme with sound=Manner
3	is	present	the two		different property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:027-homophones-words-that-sound-the-same.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/27-homophones-words-that-sound-the-same/8/