Texting, abbreviations and emoji, sentence 2
Short forms are much older than phones: "O.M.G." turns up in a letter from 1917, and the sideways smiley :-) was suggested in 1982, before most people had ever seen a mobile.
Who acts: Short forms, O.M.G, most people · What happens: be, turn up, suggest, see · To what, where: letter, sideways smiley, 1982, mobile
This is a sentence of the lesson «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Short forms, O.M.G, most people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 forms | amod |
| 2 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 older | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 older | cop |
| 4 | much | much | ADV | _ | 5 older | advmod |
| 5 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 6 | than | than | ADP | _ | 7 phones | case |
| 7 | phones | phone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 older | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 O.M.G | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 O.M.G | punct |
| 10 | O.M.G | O.M.G | NOUN | Abbr=Yes Number=Plur | 13 turns | nsubj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 older | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 O.M.G | punct |
| 13 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 older | parataxis |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 turns | compound:prt |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 letter | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 letter | det |
| 17 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 turns | obl |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 1917 | case |
| 19 | 1917 | 1917 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 letter | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 suggested | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 smiley | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 smiley | det |
| 23 | sideways | sideway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 smiley | compound |
| 24 | smiley | smiley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 suggested | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 - | punct |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 smiley | punct |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 smiley | punct |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 suggested | aux:pass |
| 29 | suggested | suggest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 turns | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 1982 | case |
| 31 | 1982 | 1982 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 suggested | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 seen | punct |
| 33 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 seen | mark |
| 34 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 people | amod |
| 35 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 seen | nsubj |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 seen | aux |
| 37 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 38 seen | advmod |
| 38 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 suggested | advcl |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 mobile | det |
| 40 | mobile | mobile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 seen | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 older | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Short forms | than phones; old property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | turn up | present | O.M.G | a letter from 1917 | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in letter=Location | ||||
| 3 | suggest speech: suggest | past · passive | the sideways smiley | 1982 | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | see | past · perfect | most people | a mobile | ever | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mobile=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:030-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/2/