How babies learn to talk, sentence 1

At about six months Baby Leo says "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da" and his dad cries "He said Dad!"; really Leo is practising sounds, like a musician playing scales, and real first words usually come around the first birthday.

Who acts: Baby, dad, Leo, musician, real first words · What happens: say, cry, practise, play, come · To what, where: ba ba ba, Dad, sounds, scales, first birthday · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baby, dad, Leo, musician), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	4 months	case
2	about	about	ADV	_	3 six	advmod
3	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 months	nummod
4	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Baby	obl
5	Baby	Baby	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
6	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Baby	flat
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ba	punct
9	ba	ba	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ba	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 ba	punct
11	ba	ba	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ba	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 ba	punct
13	ba	ba	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ba	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 da	cc
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 da	punct
17	da	da	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 da	compound
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 da	punct
19	da	da	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 da	compound
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 da	punct
21	da	da	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ba	conj
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 da	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 cries	cc
24	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 dad	nmod:poss
25	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 cries	nsubj
26	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 says	conj
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 said	punct
28	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 said	nsubj
29	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 cries	ccomp
30	Dad	Dad	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 said	obj
31	!	!	PUNCT	_	30 Dad	punct
32	"	"	PUNCT	_	30 Dad	punct
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 practising	punct
34	really	really	ADV	_	37 practising	advmod
35	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 practising	nsubj
36	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 practising	aux
37	practising	practise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 says	parataxis
38	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 practising	obj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 musician	punct
40	like	like	ADP	_	42 musician	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 musician	det
42	musician	musician	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 practising	obl
43	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	42 musician	acl
44	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 playing	obj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 come	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 come	cc
47	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 words	amod
48	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	49 words	amod
49	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 come	nsubj
50	usually	usually	ADV	_	51 come	advmod
51	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 says	conj
52	around	around	ADP	_	55 birthday	case
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	55 birthday	det
54	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	55 birthday	amod
55	birthday	birthday	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 come	obl
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Baby	ba ba ba and da da da			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ba=Topic
2	cry speech: express	present	his dad				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	say speech: assert in a quote	past	dad	Dad			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent dad=Topic
4	practise	present · progressive	Leo	sounds		like a musician	tree rules
5	play	gerund	a musician not said here	scales			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scale=Theme
6	come	present	real first words		the first birthday	usually property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme around birthday=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/1/