Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 4
Neither way is better: English uses order and small words like "a", "the", "to" and "with", Ukrainian uses endings, and both get the meaning across.
Who acts: way, English, Ukrainian, both · What happens: be, use, get · To what, where: order, endings, meaning
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, English, Ukrainian, both), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 way | det |
| 2 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 better | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 better | cop |
| 4 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 uses | parataxis |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 uses | punct |
| 6 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 uses | nsubj |
| 7 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 uses | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 words | cc |
| 10 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 words | amod |
| 11 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 order | conj |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 a | case |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 a | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 words | nmod |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 a | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 " | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 the | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 " | det |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 uses | punct |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 " | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 to | punct |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 uses | xcomp |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 to | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 with | cc |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 with | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 uses | obl |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 with | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 uses | punct |
| 29 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 uses | nsubj |
| 30 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 uses | conj |
| 31 | endings | ending | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 uses | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 get | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 get | cc |
| 34 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 get | nsubj |
| 35 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 uses | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 meaning | det |
| 37 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 get | obj |
| 38 | across | across | ADV | _ | 35 get | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 better | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | neither way | good property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | use | present | English | order and small words like a | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Patient | ||||
| 3 | use | present | Ukrainian | endings | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient | ||||
| 4 | get | present | both | the meaning | across property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer meaning=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×6, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/4/