Grammar puzzles, part two, sentence 6
A palindrome reads the same forwards and backwards: level, radar, kayak, racecar; "Was it a car or a cat I saw?" is a palindrome sentence if you ignore spaces and punctuation.
Who acts: palindrome, sentence, you · What happens: read, be, see, ignore · To what, where: same forwards, racecar, cat, palindrome sentence, spaces
This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palindrome, sentence, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 palindrome | det |
| 2 | palindrome | palindrome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reads | nsubj |
| 3 | reads | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 forwards | det |
| 5 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 forwards | amod |
| 6 | forwards | forward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 reads | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 backwards | cc |
| 8 | backwards | backward | ADV | _ | 6 forwards | conj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 level | punct |
| 10 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 forwards | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 radar | punct |
| 12 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 level | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kayak | punct |
| 14 | kayak | kayak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 level | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 racecar | punct |
| 16 | racecar | racecar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 level | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 it | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 it | punct |
| 19 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 it | cop |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reads | conj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 car | det |
| 22 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reads | obj |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 cat | cc |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cat | det |
| 25 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 car | conj |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 saw | nsubj |
| 27 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 cat | acl:relcl |
| 28 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 25 cat | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 car | punct |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 sentence | cop |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 sentence | det |
| 32 | palindrome | palindrome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sentence | compound |
| 33 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reads | parataxis |
| 34 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 ignore | mark |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 36 ignore | nsubj |
| 36 | ignore | ignore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 sentence | advcl |
| 37 | spaces | space | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 ignore | obj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 punctuation | cc |
| 39 | punctuation | punctuation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 spaces | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reads | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, indirect=0, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | read | present | a palindrome | the same forwards and level and radar and kayak and racecar | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent forward=Recipient car=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | past | a palindrome not said here | racecar | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see in a quote | past | the sentence = sentence | a cat not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | a palindrome sentence | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | ignore a condition, not said to happen | present | you | spaces and punctuation | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:036-grammar-puzzles-part-two.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/6/