The big language quiz, sentence 12
In Mandarin, "mā" (high, flat tone) means mother and "mǎ" (dipping tone) means horse; the tone makes them different words.
Who acts: mā, mǎ, tone · What happens: mean, dip, make · To what, where: mother, tone, horse
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big language quiz» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mā, mǎ, tone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Mandarin | case |
| 2 | Mandarin | Mandarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 means | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mandarin | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 mā | punct |
| 5 | mā | mā | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 means | nsubj |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 mā | punct |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 tone | punct |
| 8 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tone | amod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 high | punct |
| 10 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tone | amod |
| 11 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 mā | appos |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 tone | punct |
| 13 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 means | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 mǎ | cc |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 mǎ | punct |
| 17 | mǎ | mǎ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 mother | conj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 mǎ | punct |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 dipping | punct |
| 20 | dipping | dip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 mǎ | acl |
| 21 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dipping | obj |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 tone | punct |
| 23 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 means | conj |
| 24 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 means | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 makes | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tone | det |
| 27 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 makes | nsubj |
| 28 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 means | conj |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 makes | obj |
| 30 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 words | amod |
| 31 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 makes | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | mā | mother and mǎ | in Mandarin | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot mother=Theme in mandarin=Attribute | |||
| 2 | dip | gerund | mǎ not said here | tone | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tone=Theme | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | mā not said here | horse | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic | ||||
| 4 | make | present | the tone | mother | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary word=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:040-the-big-language-quiz.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/40-the-big-language-quiz/12/