Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo, sentence 4

And old sayings, like «a leopard cannot change its spots», are turned into stories that pretend to explain them.

Who acts: leopard, stories · What happens: not change, turn, pretend, explain · To what, where: spots, old sayings, stories · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leopard, stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	17 turned	cc
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sayings	amod
3	sayings	saying	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 turned	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 «	punct
5	like	like	SCONJ	_	11 change	mark
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 change	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 leopard	det
8	leopard	leopard	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 change	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 change	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 change	advmod
11	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sayings	advcl
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 spots	nmod:poss
13	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 change	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 change	punct
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 sayings	punct
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 turned	aux:pass
17	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
18	into	into	ADP	_	19 stories	case
19	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 turned	obl
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 pretend	nsubj
21	pretend	pretend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 stories	acl:relcl
22	to	to	PART	_	23 explain	mark
23	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 pretend	xcomp
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 explain	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 turned	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	not change in a quote	can	a leopard	leopard's spots		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
2	turn	present · passive		old sayings	stories	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into story=Trajectory
3	pretend	present	stories			tree rules
4	explain speech: assert	to-infinitive	stories not said here	spots = spot		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:042-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/4/