Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who, sentence 14
Long ago "thou" was the friendly word for one person you knew well, like Ukrainian ти or French tu, and "you" or "ye" was for more than one person or someone you respected.
Who acts: thou, you · What happens: be, know, respect · To what, where: friendly word, one person
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ago | advmod |
| 2 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 word | advmod |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 thou | punct |
| 4 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 word | nsubj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 thou | punct |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 word | cop |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 word | det |
| 8 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 word | amod |
| 9 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 person | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 person | nummod |
| 12 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 word | nmod |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 knew | nsubj |
| 14 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 person | acl:relcl |
| 15 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 knew | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 ти | punct |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 ти | case |
| 18 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ти | amod |
| 19 | ти | ти | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 word | appos |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 tu | cc |
| 21 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 tu | amod |
| 22 | tu | tu | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 ти | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 person | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 person | cc |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 you | punct |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 person | nsubj |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 you | punct |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 ye | cc |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 ye | punct |
| 30 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 26 you | conj |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 ye | punct |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 person | cop |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 person | case |
| 34 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 36 one | advmod |
| 35 | than | than | ADP | _ | 34 more | fixed |
| 36 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 person | nummod |
| 37 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 word | conj |
| 38 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 someone | cc |
| 39 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 37 person | conj |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 respected | nsubj |
| 41 | respected | respect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 someone | acl:relcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 word | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | thou | the friendly word and one person | for one person; ago property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | past | you | one person not said here | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | is | past | you | for one person | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | respect | past | you | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:005-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/14/