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Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side, sentence 1

Hyperbole makes things BIGGER («we'll be here till we're ninety»), understatement makes them SMALLER («bit of a wait, eh»), and sarcasm says the OPPOSITE («oh brilliant, I LOVE standing in the rain»).

Who acts: Hyperbole, we, understatement, sarcasm · What happens: make, be, say, love, stand · To what, where: things, ninety, OPPOSITE, rain · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hyperbole, we, understatement, sarcasm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjobjxcomppunctpunctnsubjauxcopparataxismarknsubjcopadvclpunctpunctpunctnsubjconjobjxcomppunctpunctccompcasedetnmodpunctdiscoursepunctpunctpunctccnsubjconjdetobjpunctpunctdiscourseappospunctnsubjparataxisxcompcasedetoblpunctpunctpunctrootHyperboleNOUNmakesVERBthingsNOUNBIGGERADJ(PUNCT«PUNCTwePRON'llAUXbeAUXhereADVtillSCONJwePRON'reAUXninetyNUM»PUNCT)PUNCT,PUNCTunderstatementNOUNmakesVERBthemPRONSMALLERADJ(PUNCT«PUNCTbitNOUNofADPaDETwaitNOUN,PUNCTehINTJ»PUNCT)PUNCT,PUNCTandCCONJsarcasmNOUNsaysVERBtheDETOPPOSITENOUN(PUNCT«PUNCTohINTJbrilliantADJ,PUNCTIPRONLOVEVERBstandingVERBinADPtheDETrainNOUN»PUNCT)PUNCT.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HyperbolehyperboleNOUNNumber=Sing2 makesnsubj
2makesmakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
3thingsthingNOUNNumber=Plur2 makesobj
4BIGGERbigADJDegree=Cmp2 makesxcomp
5((PUNCT_10 herepunct
6««PUNCT_10 herepunct
7wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs10 herensubj
8'llwillAUXVerbForm=Fin10 hereaux
9bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf10 herecop
10herehereADVPronType=Dem2 makesparataxis
11tilltillSCONJ_14 ninetymark
12wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs14 ninetynsubj
13'rebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin14 ninetycop
14ninetyninetyNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card10 hereadvcl
15»»PUNCT_10 herepunct
16))PUNCT_10 herepunct
17,,PUNCT_19 makespunct
18understatementunderstatementNOUNNumber=Sing19 makesnsubj
19makesmakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin2 makesconj
20themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs19 makesobj
21SMALLERsmallADJDegree=Cmp19 makesxcomp
22((PUNCT_24 bitpunct
23««PUNCT_24 bitpunct
24bitbitNOUNNumber=Sing19 makesccomp
25ofofADP_27 waitcase
26aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art27 waitdet
27waitwaitNOUNNumber=Sing24 bitnmod
28,,PUNCT_24 bitpunct
29ehehINTJ_24 bitdiscourse
30»»PUNCT_24 bitpunct
31))PUNCT_24 bitpunct
32,,PUNCT_35 sayspunct
33andandCCONJ_35 sayscc
34sarcasmsarcasmNOUNNumber=Sing35 saysnsubj
35sayssayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin2 makesconj
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 OPPOSITEdet
37OPPOSITEoppositeNOUNNumber=Sing35 saysobj
38((PUNCT_41 brilliantpunct
39««PUNCT_41 brilliantpunct
40ohohINTJ_41 brilliantdiscourse
41brilliantbrilliantADJDegree=Pos37 OPPOSITEappos
42,,PUNCT_44 LOVEpunct
43IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs44 LOVEnsubj
44LOVEloveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin41 brilliantparataxis
45standingstandVERBVerbForm=Ger44 LOVExcomp
46ininADP_48 raincase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art48 raindet
48rainrainNOUNNumber=Sing45 standingobl
49»»PUNCT_45 standingpunct
50))PUNCT_41 brilliantpunct
51..PUNCT_2 makespunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1makepresentHyperbolethingsbig propertytree rules
2is in a quotefuturewehere propertytree rules
3is a in a quotepresentweninetytree rules
4makepresentunderstatementthings = thingsmall propertyvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product
5say speech: assertpresentsarcasmthe OPPOSITEvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic
6love in a quotepresentsarcasmvn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
7stand not said to happen, in a quotegerundsarcasm not said herethe rainvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in rain=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

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