Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down, sentence 9

«¡Te lo he dicho mil veces!» is Spanish for «I've told you a thousand times!»; English uses a million, Spanish a thousand, Ukrainian a hundred, and all mean «lots».

Who acts: Ukrainian grandma, English, all · What happens: dicho, be, tell, use, mean · To what, where: lo, Te, you, million, lots · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian grandma, English, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 dicho	punct
2	¡	¡	PUNCT	_	6 dicho	punct
3	Te	te	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 dicho	iobj
4	lo	lo	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 dicho	obj
5	he	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 dicho	aux
6	dicho	dicho	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	mil	mil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 veces	compound
8	veces	vez	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 dicho	obj
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	12 Spanish	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 dicho	punct
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 Spanish	cop
12	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dicho	parataxis
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 «	case
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	17 told	punct
15	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 told	nsubj
16	've	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 told	aux
17	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 Spanish	conj
18	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 told	iobj
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 thousand	det
20	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 times	nummod
21	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 told	obl:unmarked
22	!	!	PUNCT	_	17 told	punct
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 told	punct
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 uses	punct
25	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 uses	nsubj
26	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 dicho	advcl
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 million	det
28	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 uses	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 million	punct
30	Spanish	spanish	DET	PronType=Tot	32 thousand	det:predet
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 thousand	det
32	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 uses	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 Ukrainian	punct
34	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 uses	obj
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 hundred	det
36	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 uses	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 uses	punct
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 mean	cc
39	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	40 mean	nsubj
40	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 uses	conj
41	«	«	ADP	_	42 lots	case
42	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 mean	obj
43	»	»	PUNCT	_	42 lots	punct
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 dicho	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	dicho in a quote	present · perfect		lo	Te			tree rules
2	is	present					spanish property	tree rules
3	tell speech: assert in a quote	present · perfect	a Ukrainian grandma = grandma		you	time		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
4	use	present	English	a million			spanish thousand obl; a hundred obl	tree rules
5	mean	present	all	lots				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:053-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/53-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down/9/