Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down, sentence 10

In Mandarin Chinese, «sǐ le» (dead) after a word makes it stronger: «lèi sǐ le» means very tired and «è sǐ le» means very hungry, like English «dead tired» or «starving».

Who acts: sǐ le, è · What happens: make, mean, starve · To what, where: word, Mandarin

This is a sentence of the lesson «Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sǐ le, è), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Mandarin	case
2	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 makes	obl
3	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mandarin	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 »	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 »	punct
6	sǐ	sǐ	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 »	amod
7	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 »	compound
8	»	»	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Mandarin	appos
9	(	(	PUNCT	_	10 dead	punct
10	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 »	amod
11	)	)	PUNCT	_	10 dead	punct
12	after	after	ADP	_	14 word	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 word	det
14	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 makes	obl
15	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 makes	obj
17	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 makes	xcomp
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 means	punct
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	22 le	punct
20	lèi	lèi	X	Foreign=Yes	22 le	dep
21	sǐ	sǐ	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 le	amod
22	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 means	nsubj
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	22 le	punct
24	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 makes	parataxis
25	very	very	ADV	_	26 tired	advmod
26	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 means	xcomp
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 means	cc
28	«	«	PUNCT	_	29 è	punct
29	è	è	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 means	nsubj
30	sǐ	sǐ	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 le	amod
31	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 è	nmod
32	»	»	PUNCT	_	33 means	punct
33	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 means	conj
34	very	very	ADV	_	35 hungry	advmod
35	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 means	xcomp
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 English	punct
37	like	like	ADP	_	38 English	case
38	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 makes	obl
39	«	«	PUNCT	_	41 tired	punct
40	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 tired	amod
41	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 English	appos
42	»	»	PUNCT	_	41 tired	punct
43	or	or	CCONJ	_	45 starving	cc
44	«	«	PUNCT	_	45 starving	punct
45	starving	starve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	41 tired	conj
46	»	»	PUNCT	_	45 starving	punct
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 makes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present		word	Mandarin	after a word	like English; strong property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
2	mean	present	sǐ le				tired property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	mean	present	è sǐ le				hungry property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	starve in a quote	gerund						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:053-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×5. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/53-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down/10/