★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles, sentence 1
Each one hides a trap: a real number next to a fake one, a word that is hyperbole in one place and plain truth in another, two kinds of talk stacked on top of each other, or a dialect word that sounds like something else.
Who acts: one, word, dialect word · What happens: hide, be, stack, sound · To what, where: trap, one place, talk, top
This is a sentence of the lesson «★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, word, dialect word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hides | nsubj |
| 3 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 trap | det |
| 5 | trap | trap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hides | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 number | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 number | det |
| 8 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 number | amod |
| 9 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 trap | appos |
| 10 | next | next | ADV | _ | 9 number | advmod |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 one | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 one | det |
| 13 | fake | fake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 one | amod |
| 14 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 next | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 word | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 word | det |
| 17 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 one | conj |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 hyperbole | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 hyperbole | cop |
| 20 | hyperbole | hyperbole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 word | acl:relcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 place | case |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 place | nummod |
| 23 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 hyperbole | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 truth | cc |
| 25 | plain | plain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 truth | amod |
| 26 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 place | conj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 another | case |
| 28 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 truth | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 kinds | punct |
| 30 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 kinds | nummod |
| 31 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 word | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 talk | case |
| 33 | talk | talk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 kinds | nmod |
| 34 | stacked | stack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 talk | acl |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 top | case |
| 36 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 stacked | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 each | case |
| 38 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 top | nmod |
| 39 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 each | fixed |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 word | punct |
| 41 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 word | cc |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 word | det |
| 43 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 word | compound |
| 44 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 word | conj |
| 45 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 sounds | nsubj |
| 46 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 word | acl:relcl |
| 47 | like | like | ADP | _ | 48 something | case |
| 48 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 46 sounds | obl |
| 49 | else | else | ADV | _ | 48 something | advmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hides | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | present | each one | a trap | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trap=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a word and two kinds of talk or a dialect word | one place and plain truth in another | hyperbole property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | stack | participle | talk not said here | top of each | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on top=Destination | ||||
| 4 | sound | present | a dialect word | like something | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:055-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/55-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles/1/