★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles, sentence 11
The same word can be hyperbole or truth: «starving» after school lunch is hyperbole, but in a history book about a famine, where people had no food for weeks, it is literal.
Who acts: same word, starving, people, food · What happens: be, starve, have · To what, where: hyperbole, food, history book · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (same word, starving, people, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 word | det |
| 2 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 word | amod |
| 3 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hyperbole | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 hyperbole | aux |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 hyperbole | cop |
| 6 | hyperbole | hyperbole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hyperbole | parataxis |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 truth | cc |
| 8 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hyperbole | conj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 hyperbole | punct |
| 10 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 11 starving | punct |
| 11 | starving | starve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 hyperbole | csubj |
| 12 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 11 starving | punct |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 lunch | case |
| 14 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lunch | compound |
| 15 | lunch | lunch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 starving | obl |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 hyperbole | cop |
| 17 | hyperbole | hyperbole | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 literal | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 literal | cc |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 book | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 book | det |
| 22 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 book | compound |
| 23 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 literal | obl |
| 24 | about | about | ADP | _ | 26 famine | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 famine | det |
| 26 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 book | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 had | punct |
| 28 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 30 had | advmod |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 had | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 book | acl:relcl |
| 31 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 32 food | det |
| 32 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 had | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 weeks | case |
| 34 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 had | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 book | punct |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 literal | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 literal | cop |
| 38 | literal | literal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hyperbole | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 hyperbole | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | can | the same word | hyperbole or truth | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | starve in a quote | gerund | after school lunch | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | starving | hyperbole | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | have | past | people | no food | week | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | |||
| 5 | is | present | food | a history book about a famine | literal property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:055-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/55-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles/11/