Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together, sentence 0
Prepositions are small words that show where, when or how things connect: on, under, in, behind, before, after, with; a pencil "on the desk" and a pencil "under the desk" are in very different places.
Who acts: Prepositions, small words, things, pencil · What happens: be, show, connect · To what, where: small words, different places
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prepositions, small words, things, pencil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prepositions | preposition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 words | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 words | cop |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 words | amod |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 show | nsubj |
| 6 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 words | acl:relcl |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 6 show | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 when | punct |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 connect | advmod |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 connect | cc |
| 11 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 connect | advmod |
| 12 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 connect | nsubj |
| 13 | connect | connect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 show | conj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 on | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADV | _ | 13 connect | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 under | punct |
| 17 | under | under | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 on | punct |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 in | punct |
| 21 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 on | punct |
| 23 | before | before | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 after | punct |
| 25 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 on | punct |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 on | list |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 connect | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 pencil | det |
| 30 | pencil | pencil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 places | nsubj |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 pencil | punct |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 desk | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 desk | det |
| 34 | desk | desk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pencil | nmod |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 desk | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 pencil | cc |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 pencil | det |
| 38 | pencil | pencil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pencil | conj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 desk | punct |
| 40 | under | under | ADP | _ | 42 desk | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 desk | det |
| 42 | desk | desk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 pencil | nmod |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 desk | punct |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 places | cop |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 places | case |
| 46 | very | very | ADV | _ | 47 different | advmod |
| 47 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 places | amod |
| 48 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 words | parataxis |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 words | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Prepositions | small words | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | show | present | small words | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | connect | present | things | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | is | present | a pencil on the desk and a pencil under the desk | different places | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:006-prepositions-and-conjunctions.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/0/