Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together, sentence 1

Conjunctions are joining words: and adds, but shows a contrast, or gives a choice, so shows a result and because gives a reason.

Who acts: Conjunctions · What happens: join, add, show, give · To what, where: words, contrast, choice, result, reason

This is a sentence of the lesson «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Conjunctions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Conjunctions	conjunction	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 joining	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 joining	aux
3	joining	join	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 joining	obj
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 adds	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 adds	cc
7	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 joining	parataxis
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 shows	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 shows	cc
10	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 adds	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 contrast	det
12	contrast	contrast	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 shows	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 gives	punct
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 gives	cc
15	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 adds	conj
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 choice	det
17	choice	choice	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 gives	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 shows	punct
19	so	so	ADV	_	20 shows	advmod
20	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 adds	conj
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 result	det
22	result	result	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 shows	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 gives	cc
24	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 gives	mark
25	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 shows	conj
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 reason	det
27	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gives	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 joining	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	join	present · progressive	Conjunctions	words	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
2	add speech: assert	present			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	show	present		a contrast	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent contrast=Recipient
4	give	present		a choice	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent choice=Theme
5	show	present		a result	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent result=Recipient
6	give	present		a reason	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:006-prepositions-and-conjunctions.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/1/