Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together, sentence 2
"I went home because I was tired" is one sentence; "Because I was tired." on its own leaves you waiting, because a because-part needs a main part to lean on.
Who acts: I, part · What happens: go, be, wait, need, lean on · To what, where: one sentence, own leaves, main part · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | home | home | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 8 tired | mark |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 tired | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 tired | cop |
| 8 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 went | advcl |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sentence | cop |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 sentence | nummod |
| 12 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | parataxis |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 tired | punct |
| 15 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 18 tired | mark |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 tired | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 tired | cop |
| 18 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 went | parataxis |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 waiting | punct |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 leaves | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 own | nmod:poss |
| 23 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 leaves | amod |
| 24 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 waiting | obl |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 leaves | obj |
| 26 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 went | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 needs | punct |
| 28 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 33 needs | mark |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 part | det |
| 30 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 32 part | case |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 because | punct |
| 32 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 needs | nsubj |
| 33 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 waiting | conj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 part | det |
| 35 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 part | amod |
| 36 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 needs | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 lean | mark |
| 38 | lean | lean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 part | acl |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 lean | compound:prt |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go in a quote | past | I | home property | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | I | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | one sentence | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | past | I | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | wait | gerund | I not said here | own leaves | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leaf=Location | ||||
| 6 | need | present | a part | a main part | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot part=Theme | ||||
| 7 | lean on | to-infinitive | a part not said here | a main part not said here | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:006-prepositions-and-conjunctions.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/2/