Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together, sentence 3

Prepositions are the least logical words in any language, so countries differ: the British say "at the weekend", Americans and Australians "on the weekend"; northern English says "I'm sat" for I'm sitting, and an Aussie meets you "at the servo this arvo".

Who acts: Prepositions, countries, British, northern English, I, Aussie · What happens: be, differ, say, sit, meet · To what, where: logical words, language, say, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prepositions, countries, British, northern English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prepositions	preposition	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 words	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 words	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 words	det
4	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 logical	advmod
5	logical	logical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 words	amod
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 differ	parataxis
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 language	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 language	det
9	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 words	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 differ	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 differ	advmod
12	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 differ	nsubj
13	differ	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 say	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 British	det
16	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 say	nsubj
17	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 differ	appos
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 weekend	punct
19	at	at	ADP	_	21 weekend	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 weekend	det
21	weekend	weekend	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 say	obl
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 weekend	punct
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 Americans	punct
24	Americans	American	PROPN	Number=Plur	17 say	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 Australians	cc
26	Australians	australian	PROPN	Number=Plur	24 Americans	conj
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	26 Australians	punct
28	on	on	ADP	_	30 weekend	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 weekend	det
30	weekend	weekend	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 Australians	nmod
31	"	"	PUNCT	_	30 weekend	punct
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 says	punct
33	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 English	amod
34	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 says	nsubj
35	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 say	acl:relcl
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	39 sat	punct
37	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	39 sat	nsubj
38	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 sat	cop
39	sat	sat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 says	ccomp
40	"	"	PUNCT	_	39 sat	punct
41	for	for	SCONJ	_	44 sitting	mark
42	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	44 sitting	nsubj
43	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 sitting	aux
44	sitting	sit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	39 sat	advcl
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 meets	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 meets	cc
47	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	48 Aussie	det
48	Aussie	Aussie	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 meets	nsubj
49	meets	meet	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 sat	conj
50	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	49 meets	obj
51	"	"	PUNCT	_	56 arvo	punct
52	at	at	ADP	_	54 servo	case
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 servo	det
54	servo	servo	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 arvo	compound
55	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	56 arvo	det
56	arvo	arvo	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 meets	parataxis
57	"	"	PUNCT	_	56 arvo	punct
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 words	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Prepositions	the logical words	any language			tree rules
2	differ	present	countries					vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert		the British			weekend		tree rules
4	say speech: assert	present	northern English	say and Americans and Australians on the weekend not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent say=Topic
5	is in a quote	present	northern English = english				sat property	tree rules
6	sit	present · progressive	I					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	meet	present	a Aussie	you				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:006-prepositions-and-conjunctions.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/3/