Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together, sentence 13
A famous joke mocking that rule, "This is the sort of English up with which I will not put", is often credited to Winston Churchill, but nobody has proved he said it.
Who acts: famous joke, This, English, nobody · What happens: mock, be, not put up, credit, prove, say · To what, where: rule, sort, famous joke, Winston, joke · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (famous joke, This, English, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 joke | det |
| 2 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 joke | amod |
| 3 | joke | joke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 credited | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | mocking | mock | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 joke | acl |
| 5 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 rule | det |
| 6 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mocking | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sort | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 sort | punct |
| 9 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 sort | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sort | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sort | det |
| 12 | sort | sort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rule | appos |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 English | case |
| 14 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 sort | nmod |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 put | compound:prt |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 which | case |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 put | obl |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 put | nsubj |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 put | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 put | advmod |
| 21 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 sort | acl:relcl |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 sort | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 joke | punct |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 credited | aux:pass |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 credited | advmod |
| 26 | credited | credit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 Winston | case |
| 28 | Winston | Winston | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 credited | obl |
| 29 | Churchill | Churchill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Winston | flat |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 proved | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 proved | cc |
| 32 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 34 proved | nsubj |
| 33 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 proved | aux |
| 34 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 credited | conj |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 said | nsubj |
| 36 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 proved | ccomp |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 said | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 credited | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mock | gerund | a famous joke not said here | that rule | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | This | the sort | of English | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not put up in a quote | future | English | with the sort | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | credit | present · passive | a famous joke | Winston | often property | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to winston=Recipient | |||
| 5 | prove | present · perfect | nobody | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | English | joke | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:006-prepositions-and-conjunctions.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/13/