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Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 0

Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happens: I go (present), I went (past); time words like "yesterday" and "tomorrow" must match the verb, so "Yesterday I go to the zoo" needs "went".

Who acts: Tense, verb, something, I, time words · What happens: be, show, happen, go, match, need · To what, where: form, past, verb, zoo

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tense, verb, something, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjcopdetcasedetnmodnsubjacl:relcladvmodnsubjadvclpunctnsubjconjpunctparataxispunctpunctnsubjconjpunctoblpunctpunctcompoundconjcasepunctnmodpunctccpunctconjpunctauxacldetobjpunctadvmodpunctoblnsubjadvclcasedetoblpunctparataxispunctxcomppunctpunctrootTenseNOUNisAUXtheDETformNOUNofADPaDETverbNOUNthatPRONshowsVERBwhenADVsomethingPRONhappensVERB:PUNCTIPRONgoVERB(PUNCTpresentNOUN)PUNCT,PUNCTIPRONwentVERB(PUNCTpastNOUN)PUNCT;PUNCTtimeNOUNwordsNOUNlikeADP"PUNCTyesterdayNOUN"PUNCTandCCONJ"PUNCTtomorrowNOUN"PUNCTmustAUXmatchVERBtheDETverbNOUN,PUNCTsoADV"PUNCTYesterdayNOUNIPRONgoVERBtoADPtheDETzooNOUN"PUNCTneedsVERB"PUNCTwentVERB"PUNCT.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1TensetenseNOUNNumber=Sing4 formnsubj
2isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 formcop
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 formdet
4formformNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
5ofofADP_7 verbcase
6aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 verbdet
7verbverbNOUNNumber=Sing4 formnmod
8thatthatPRONPronType=Rel9 showsnsubj
9showsshowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 verbacl:relcl
10whenwhenADVPronType=Int12 happensadvmod
11somethingsomethingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Ind12 happensnsubj
12happenshappenVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin9 showsadvcl
13::PUNCT_15 gopunct
14IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs15 gonsubj
15gogoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin12 happensconj
16((PUNCT_17 presentpunct
17presentpresentNOUNNumber=Sing15 goparataxis
18))PUNCT_17 presentpunct
19,,PUNCT_21 wentpunct
20IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs21 wentnsubj
21wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 formconj
22((PUNCT_23 pastpunct
23pastpastNOUNNumber=Sing21 wentobl
24))PUNCT_23 pastpunct
25;;PUNCT_27 wordspunct
26timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing27 wordscompound
27wordswordNOUNNumber=Plur4 formconj
28likelikeADP_30 yesterdaycase
29""PUNCT_30 yesterdaypunct
30yesterdayyesterdayNOUNNumber=Sing27 wordsnmod
31""PUNCT_30 yesterdaypunct
32andandCCONJ_34 tomorrowcc
33""PUNCT_34 tomorrowpunct
34tomorrowtomorrowNOUNNumber=Sing30 yesterdayconj
35""PUNCT_34 tomorrowpunct
36mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin37 matchaux
37matchmatchVERBVerbForm=Inf27 wordsacl
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 verbdet
39verbverbNOUNNumber=Sing37 matchobj
40,,PUNCT_45 gopunct
41sosoADV_50 needsadvmod
42""PUNCT_43 Yesterdaypunct
43YesterdayyesterdayNOUNNumber=Sing45 goobl
44IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs45 gonsubj
45gogoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin50 needsadvcl
46totoADP_48 zoocase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art48 zoodet
48zoozooNOUNNumber=Sing45 goobl
49""PUNCT_45 gopunct
50needsneedVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin37 matchparataxis
51""PUNCT_52 wentpunct
52wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin50 needsxcomp
53""PUNCT_52 wentpunct
54..PUNCT_4 formpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
changed voice=narrator
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apresentTensethe form and time words like yesterday and tomorrowof a verbtree rules
2showpresenta verbvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3happenpresentsomethingvn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4gopresentIvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5gopastIpastvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6matchmusttime words like yesterday and tomorrow not said herethe verbvn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient
7go in a quotepresentIthe zooyesterdayvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to zoo=Initial_Location
8needpresentvn require-103-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
9go not said to happen, in a quotepastvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/0/