Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, sentence 15
Alexander Fleming noticed in 1928 that a mould killed bacteria on a dish, and Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their team turned penicillin into a medicine in the 1940s; eating mouldy food is not a medicine and can make you ill.
Who acts: Alexander, mould, Howard, eating · What happens: notice, kill, turn, eat, not be, make · To what, where: 1928, bacteria, dish, penicillin, medicine, mouldy food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, mould, Howard, eating), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 noticed | nsubj |
| 2 | Fleming | Fleming | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Alexander | flat |
| 3 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 1928 | case |
| 5 | 1928 | 1928 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 noticed | obl |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 killed | mark |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 mould | det |
| 8 | mould | mould | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 killed | nsubj |
| 9 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 noticed | ccomp |
| 10 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 killed | obj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 dish | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 dish | det |
| 13 | dish | dish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 killed | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 turned | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 turned | cc |
| 16 | Howard | Howard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 turned | nsubj |
| 17 | Florey | Florey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Howard | flat |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Ernst | punct |
| 19 | Ernst | Ernst | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Chain | compound |
| 20 | Chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Howard | appos |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 team | cc |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 team | nmod:poss |
| 23 | team | team | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 Chain | conj |
| 24 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 noticed | conj |
| 25 | penicillin | penicillin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 turned | obj |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 medicine | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 medicine | det |
| 28 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 turned | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 1940s | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 1940s | det |
| 31 | 1940s | 1940 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 24 turned | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 eating | punct |
| 33 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 medicine | csubj |
| 34 | mouldy | mouldy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 food | amod |
| 35 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 eating | obj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 medicine | cop |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 medicine | advmod |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 medicine | det |
| 39 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 noticed | parataxis |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 make | cc |
| 41 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 make | aux |
| 42 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 medicine | conj |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 42 make | obj |
| 44 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 make | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 noticed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | notice | past | Alexander | 1928 | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | kill | past | a mould | bacteria | a dish | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | |||
| 3 | turn | past | Howard | penicillin | a medicine | in the 1940s | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent penicillin=Patient into medicine=Recipient in 1940=Topic | ||
| 4 | eat | gerund | mouldy food | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not is a | present | eating | a medicine | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | can | eating not said here | you | ill property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/15/