Sunshine, vitamin D and water, sentence 14
Many UK shops already refuse to sell energy drinks to under-16s, and a legal ban on such sales in England was announced in 2025.
Who acts: Many UK shops · What happens: refuse, not sell, announce · To what, where: energy drinks, 16s, legal ban, 2025
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sunshine, vitamin D and water» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many UK shops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 shops | amod |
| 2 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 shops | compound |
| 3 | shops | shop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 refuse | nsubj |
| 4 | already | already | ADV | _ | 5 refuse | advmod |
| 5 | refuse | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 sell | mark |
| 7 | sell | sell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 refuse | xcomp |
| 8 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 drinks | compound |
| 9 | drinks | drink | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 sell | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 16s | case |
| 11 | under | under | ADP | _ | 13 16s | case |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 under | punct |
| 13 | 16s | 16 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 7 sell | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 announced | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 announced | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 ban | det |
| 17 | legal | legal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 ban | amod |
| 18 | ban | ban | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 announced | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 sales | case |
| 20 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 sales | amod |
| 21 | sales | sale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ban | nmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 England | case |
| 23 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 sales | nmod |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 announced | aux:pass |
| 25 | announced | announce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 refuse | conj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 2025 | case |
| 27 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 announced | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 refuse | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | present | Many UK shops | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not sell | to-infinitive | Many UK shops not said here | energy drinks | 16s | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drink=Theme to 16=Recipient | |||
| 3 | announce speech: other | past · passive | a legal ban on such sales in England | 2025 | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:023-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/23-sunshine-vitamin-d-and-water/14/