Sprains, strains and bruises, sentence 10
Bruises on shins and knees are normal in active children; lots of bruises in odd places, or bruises someone caused, should be told to a trusted adult; pressing or rubbing a bruise does not make it heal faster.
Who acts: Bruises, someone, pressing, bruise · What happens: be, cause, tell, press, rub, not make · To what, where: bruises, lots, trusted adult, bruise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bruises, someone, pressing, bruise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bruises | bruise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 normal | nsubj |
| 2 | on | on | ADP | _ | 3 shins | case |
| 3 | shins | shin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Bruises | nmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 knees | cc |
| 5 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shins | conj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 normal | cop |
| 7 | normal | normal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 children | case |
| 9 | active | active | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 children | amod |
| 10 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 normal | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 told | punct |
| 12 | lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 told | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 bruises | case |
| 14 | bruises | bruise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lots | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 places | case |
| 16 | odd | odd | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 places | amod |
| 17 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bruises | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bruises | punct |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 bruises | cc |
| 20 | bruises | bruise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lots | appos |
| 21 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 22 caused | nsubj |
| 22 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 bruises | acl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 caused | punct |
| 24 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 told | aux |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 told | aux:pass |
| 26 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 normal | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 adult | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 adult | det |
| 29 | trusted | trust | ADJ | _ | 30 adult | amod |
| 30 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 told | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 pressing | punct |
| 32 | pressing | press | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 make | csubj |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 rubbing | cc |
| 34 | rubbing | rub | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 pressing | conj |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 bruise | det |
| 36 | bruise | bruise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 rubbing | obj |
| 37 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 make | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 make | advmod |
| 39 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 normal | parataxis |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 make | obj |
| 41 | heal | heal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 make | xcomp |
| 42 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 41 heal | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 normal | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Bruises on shins and knees | in active children; normal property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | someone | bruises not said here | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition bruise=Patient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | should · passive | lots of bruises in odd places | a trusted adult | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to adult=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | press | gerund | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | rub | gerund | a bruise | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bruise=Theme | |||||
| 6 | not make | present · do-support | pressing | bruise | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | not heal | infinitive | bruise not said here | fast property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:003-sprains-strains-and-bruises.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/10/