Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 0

Germs are tiny living things, bacteria, viruses and fungi, far too small to see without a microscope; most bacteria are harmless or even helpful, and only some make us ill.

Who acts: Germs, most bacteria, some · What happens: be, see, make · To what, where: tiny living things, us

This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germs, most bacteria, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 things	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 things	cop
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
4	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bacteria	punct
7	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 things	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 viruses	punct
9	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 things	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fungi	cc
11	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 things	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 small	punct
13	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 small	advmod
14	too	too	ADV	_	15 small	advmod
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	conj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 see	mark
17	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 small	advcl
18	without	without	ADP	_	20 microscope	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 microscope	det
20	microscope	microscope	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 see	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 harmless	punct
22	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 bacteria	amod
23	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 harmless	nsubj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 harmless	cop
25	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	parataxis
26	or	or	CCONJ	_	28 helpful	cc
27	even	even	ADV	_	28 helpful	advmod
28	helpful	helpful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 harmless	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 make	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 make	cc
31	only	only	ADV	_	33 make	advmod
32	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	33 make	nsubj
33	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 harmless	conj
34	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 make	obj
35	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 make	xcomp
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 things	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Germs	tiny living things and bacteria and viruses and fungi		tree rules
2	be		Germs not said here		far property	tree rules
3	see	to-infinitive	Germs not said here		without a microscope	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	is	present	most bacteria		harmless property	tree rules
5	be		most bacteria not said here			tree rules
6	make	present	some	us	ill property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/0/