Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 15
In the 1840s Ignaz Semmelweis showed that doctors washing their hands saved mothers' lives, and in the 1860s to 1880s Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved that germs cause disease.
Who acts: Ignaz, doctors, Louis, germs · What happens: show, wash, save, prove, cause · To what, where: 1840s, hands, lives, 1860s, disease · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ignaz, doctors, Louis, germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 1840s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1840s | det |
| 3 | 1840s | 1840 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 6 showed | obl |
| 4 | Ignaz | Ignaz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 showed | nsubj |
| 5 | Semmelweis | Semmelweis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Ignaz | flat |
| 6 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 saved | mark |
| 8 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 saved | nsubj |
| 9 | washing | wash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 doctors | acl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 hands | nmod:poss |
| 11 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 washing | obj |
| 12 | saved | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 showed | ccomp |
| 13 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lives | nmod:poss |
| 14 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 13 mothers | case |
| 15 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 saved | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 proved | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 proved | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 1860s | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 1860s | det |
| 20 | 1860s | 1860 | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 proved | obl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 1880s | case |
| 22 | 1880s | 1880 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 20 1860s | nmod |
| 23 | Louis | Louis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 proved | nsubj |
| 24 | Pasteur | Pasteur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Louis | flat |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 Robert | cc |
| 26 | Robert | Robert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Louis | conj |
| 27 | Koch | Koch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Robert | flat |
| 28 | proved | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 showed | conj |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 cause | mark |
| 30 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 cause | nsubj |
| 31 | cause | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 proved | ccomp |
| 32 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cause | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 showed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | past | Ignaz | the 1840s | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | wash | gerund | doctors not said here | doctors's hands | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 3 | save | past | doctors | mothers's lives | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | ||||
| 4 | prove | past | Louis and Robert | the 1860s to 1880s | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cause | present | germs | disease | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×9, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/15/