Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 16
Before germ theory, many people believed illness came from bad air, called miasma.
Who acts: many people, illness, bad air · What happens: believe, come, call · To what, where: bad air, miasma · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many people, illness, bad air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 3 theory | case |
| 2 | germ | germ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 theory | compound |
| 3 | theory | theory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 believed | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 theory | punct |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 people | amod |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 believed | nsubj |
| 7 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 came | nsubj |
| 9 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 believed | ccomp |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 air | case |
| 11 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 air | amod |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 came | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 air | punct |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 air | acl |
| 15 | miasma | miasma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 called | xcomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | many people | before germ theory | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | come | past | illness | bad air | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from air=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | bad air not said here | miasma | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/16/