Germs, the immune system and hand-washing, sentence 3
Two hundred years ago doctors thought illness came from bad air; then Semmelweis made doctors wash their hands and fewer mothers died, and Pasteur and Koch proved that germs cause disease.
Who acts: doctors, illness, Semmelweis, fewer mothers, Pasteur, germs · What happens: think, come, make, wash, die, prove · To what, where: bad air, hands, disease · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doctors, illness, Semmelweis, fewer mothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 hundred | compound |
| 2 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 6 thought | advmod |
| 5 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 thought | nsubj |
| 6 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 came | nsubj |
| 8 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 thought | ccomp |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 air | case |
| 10 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 air | amod |
| 11 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 came | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 13 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 made | advmod |
| 14 | Semmelweis | Semmelweis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 made | nsubj |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 thought | parataxis |
| 16 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 wash | nsubj |
| 17 | wash | wash | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 made | xcomp |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 hands | nmod:poss |
| 19 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 wash | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 died | cc |
| 21 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 mothers | amod |
| 22 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 died | nsubj |
| 23 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 proved | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 proved | cc |
| 26 | Pasteur | Pasteur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 proved | nsubj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Koch | cc |
| 28 | Koch | Koch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Pasteur | conj |
| 29 | proved | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | conj |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 cause | mark |
| 31 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cause | nsubj |
| 32 | cause | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 proved | ccomp |
| 33 | disease | disease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cause | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | doctors | ago property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come | past | illness | bad air | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from air=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | make | past | Semmelweis | then | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | wash | infinitive | doctors | doctors's hands | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 5 | die | past | fewer mothers | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | prove | past | Pasteur and Koch | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | cause | present | germs | disease | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:030-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/3/