Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no, sentence 3
Saying no is easy to learn: Sophie, dared to lie in the road, grins «Nah, not for me, I'm off for chips, who's coming?», a quick no, a reason, and walking away, and often others follow; and if a friend plans something deadly, telling an adult is not snitching, it can save a life.
Who acts: Saying, Sophie, I, quick reason, others, friend · What happens: say, be, learn, dare, lie, grin · To what, where: no, road, Nah, something, life · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dares: cliffs, roofs, tombstoning, railways and saying no» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saying, Sophie, I, quick reason), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 easy | csubj |
| 2 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 1 Saying | obj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 easy | cop |
| 4 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 learn | mark |
| 6 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 easy | csubj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 Sophie | punct |
| 8 | Sophie | Sophie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 dared | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 dared | punct |
| 10 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 easy | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 lie | mark |
| 12 | lie | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 dared | xcomp |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 road | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 road | det |
| 15 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lie | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 grins | punct |
| 17 | grins | grin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 easy | conj |
| 18 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 17 grins | punct |
| 19 | Nah | Nah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 grins | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 me | punct |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 me | advmod |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 me | case |
| 23 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 Nah | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 chips | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 chips | nsubj |
| 26 | 'm | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 chips | cop |
| 27 | off | off | ADP | _ | 29 chips | case |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 chips | case |
| 29 | chips | chip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 easy | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 coming | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 coming | nsubj |
| 32 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 coming | aux |
| 33 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 easy | parataxis |
| 34 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 33 coming | punct |
| 35 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 4 easy | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 reason | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 reason | det |
| 38 | quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 reason | amod |
| 39 | no | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 42 reason | discourse |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 no | punct |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 reason | det |
| 42 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 easy | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 walking | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 walking | cc |
| 45 | walking | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 reason | acl |
| 46 | away | away | ADV | _ | 45 walking | advmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 follow | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 follow | cc |
| 49 | often | often | ADV | _ | 51 follow | advmod |
| 50 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 follow | nsubj |
| 51 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 walking | parataxis |
| 52 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 70 save | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 save | cc |
| 54 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 57 plans | mark |
| 55 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 56 friend | det |
| 56 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 plans | nsubj |
| 57 | plans | plan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 70 save | advcl |
| 58 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 57 plans | obj |
| 59 | deadly | deadly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 something | amod |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 telling | punct |
| 61 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 66 snitching | csubj |
| 62 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 adult | det |
| 63 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 telling | obj |
| 64 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 66 snitching | aux |
| 65 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 66 snitching | advmod |
| 66 | snitching | snitch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 70 save | parataxis |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 plans | punct |
| 68 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 save | nsubj |
| 69 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 70 save | aux |
| 70 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 easy | parataxis |
| 71 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 72 life | det |
| 72 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 save | obj |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 easy | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | gerund | no | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is | present | Saying | easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | learn | to-infinitive | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | dare | past | Sophie | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | lie | to-infinitive | Sophie not said here | the road | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in road=Location | ||||
| 6 | grin | present | Saying not said here | Nah | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | I | off chips | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | come in a quote | present · progressive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 9 | walk away | gerund | a quick reason not said here | away property | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | follow | present | others | often property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 11 | plan a condition, not said to happen | present | a friend | something | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic | ||||
| 12 | tell speech: assert | gerund | a adult | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 13 | not snitch speech: other | present · progressive | telling | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 14 | save | can | friend | a life | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:075-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/75-dares-cliffs-roofs-tombstoning-railways-and-saying-no/3/