When money is tight: "we can't afford it", sentence 0
"We can't afford it" means there is not enough money left after the important things, like rent, food and bills; it is not a punishment, and it has nothing to do with how much a child is loved.
Who acts: We, enough money, money · What happens: not afford, mean, not be, leave, have, do · To what, where: it, enough money, punishment, nothing, child · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «When money is tight: "we can't afford it"» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, enough money, money), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 afford | punct |
| 2 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 afford | nsubj |
| 3 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 afford | aux |
| 4 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 afford | advmod |
| 5 | afford | afford | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 means | ccomp |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 afford | obj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 afford | punct |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 10 is | expl |
| 10 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 means | ccomp |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 is | advmod |
| 12 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 money | amod |
| 13 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 is | nsubj |
| 14 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 money | acl |
| 15 | after | after | ADP | _ | 18 things | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 things | det |
| 17 | important | important | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 things | amod |
| 18 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 left | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 rent | punct |
| 20 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 rent | case |
| 21 | rent | rent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 things | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 food | punct |
| 23 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rent | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 bills | cc |
| 25 | bills | bill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rent | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 punishment | punct |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 punishment | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 punishment | cop |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 punishment | advmod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 punishment | det |
| 31 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 is | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 has | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 has | cc |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 has | nsubj |
| 35 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 means | conj |
| 36 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 35 has | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 do | mark |
| 38 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 nothing | acl |
| 39 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 45 loved | mark |
| 40 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 41 much | advmod |
| 41 | much | much | ADV | Degree=Pos | 45 loved | advmod |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 child | det |
| 43 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 loved | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 loved | aux:pass |
| 45 | loved | love | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 do | advcl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not afford in a quote | can | We | it | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | not be | present | enough money | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leave | participle | enough money not said here | after the important things like rent and food and bills | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not is a | present | money | a punishment | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | have | present | money | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 7 | do | to-infinitive | money not said here | nothing not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | love | present · passive | a child | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:023-when-money-is-tight.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/23-when-money-is-tight/0/