Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, sentence 15

A shortage is not having enough of something; countries that depend on imports are hit hard when trade is cut off.

Who acts: shortage, countries · What happens: not have, depend, hit, cut off · To what, where: enough, countries, trade

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shortage, countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shortage	det
2	shortage	shortage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 having	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 having	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 having	advmod
5	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 having	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 something	case
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 enough	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 countries	punct
10	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hit	nsubj
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 depend	nsubj
12	depend	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 countries	acl:relcl
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 imports	case
14	imports	import	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 depend	obl
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 hit	aux:pass
16	hit	hit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 having	parataxis
17	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 hit	advmod
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	21 cut	advmod
19	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cut	nsubj:pass
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 cut	aux:pass
21	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 hit	advcl
22	off	off	ADP	_	21 cut	compound:prt
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 having	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not have	present · progressive	a shortage	enough		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enough=Patient
2	depend	present	countries		on imports	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on import=Theme
3	hit	present · passive		countries	hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
4	cut off	present · passive		trade		vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/15/