Explorers, scientists and inventors, sentence 19
The Wright brothers made the first powered, controlled, sustained (kept going, not just a hop) flight in an aeroplane in 1903; people had already flown in hot-air balloons since 1783 and in gliders.
Who acts: Wright brothers, people · What happens: make, power, control, sustain, keep, go · To what, where: first powered sustained flight, aeroplane, air balloons
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wright brothers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 brothers | det |
| 2 | Wright | Wright | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 brothers | compound |
| 3 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | nsubj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 flight | det |
| 6 | first | first | ADJ | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 flight | amod |
| 7 | powered | power | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 flight | amod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 controlled | punct |
| 9 | controlled | control | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 flight | acl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sustained | punct |
| 11 | sustained | sustain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 flight | amod |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 kept | punct |
| 13 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 sustained | parataxis |
| 14 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 kept | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 hop | punct |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 hop | advmod |
| 17 | just | just | ADV | _ | 19 hop | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 hop | det |
| 19 | hop | hop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 going | conj |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 kept | punct |
| 21 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 aeroplane | case |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 aeroplane | det |
| 24 | aeroplane | aeroplane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 flight | nmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 1903 | case |
| 26 | 1903 | 1903 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 made | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 flown | punct |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 flown | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 flown | aux |
| 30 | already | already | ADV | _ | 31 flown | advmod |
| 31 | flown | fly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 made | parataxis |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 balloons | case |
| 33 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 air | amod |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 hot | punct |
| 35 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 balloons | compound |
| 36 | balloons | balloon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 flown | obl |
| 37 | since | since | ADP | _ | 38 1783 | case |
| 38 | 1783 | 1783 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 flown | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 gliders | cc |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 gliders | case |
| 41 | gliders | glider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 balloons | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the Wright brothers | the first powered sustained flight | a aeroplane | in 1903 | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flight=Product | ||
| 2 | power | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | control | participle | the first powered sustained flight not said here | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | sustain | participle | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | keep | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | go | gerund | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | fly | past · perfect | people | air balloons and gliders | since 1783 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in balloon=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:020-explorers-scientists-and-inventors.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/19/