Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 7

Colds are caused by viruses that spread from people, through coughs, sneezes and hands; being cold or having wet hair does not by itself give you a cold.

Who acts: viruses · What happens: cause, spread, be, have, not give · To what, where: Colds, coughs, wet hair, cold, you

This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 viruses	case
5	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 spread	nsubj
7	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 viruses	acl:relcl
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 people	case
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spread	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 coughs	punct
11	through	through	ADP	_	12 coughs	case
12	coughs	cough	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sneezes	punct
14	sneezes	sneeze	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 coughs	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 hands	cc
16	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 coughs	conj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 cold	punct
18	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 cold	cop
19	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 give	csubj
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 having	cc
21	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 cold	conj
22	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 hair	amod
23	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 having	obj
24	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 give	aux
25	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 give	advmod
26	by	by	ADP	_	27 itself	case
27	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	28 give	obl
28	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 caused	parataxis
29	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	28 give	iobj
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 cold	det
31	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 give	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 caused	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses	Colds		coughs and sneezes and hands		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	spread	present	viruses				from people	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	gerund					cold property	tree rules
4	have	gerund		wet hair				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient
5	not give	present · do-support		a cold	you		by cold	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient cold=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/7/