Pets and farm animals, sentence 12

Cows lie down for many reasons, such as resting and chewing their cud (bringing swallowed grass back up to chew again); lying down does not predict rain.

Who acts: Cows, many reasons, lying · What happens: lie down, rest, chew, bring back, swallow, not predict · To what, where: cud, swallowed grass, rain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pets and farm animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cows, many reasons, lying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lie	nsubj
2	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADV	_	2 lie	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 reasons	case
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 reasons	amod
6	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lie	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 resting	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	10 resting	mark
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	resting	rest	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 reasons	acl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 chewing	cc
12	chewing	chew	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 resting	conj
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 cud	nmod:poss
14	cud	cud	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 chewing	obj
15	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 bringing	punct
16	bringing	bring	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 resting	parataxis
17	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 grass	amod
18	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bringing	obj
19	back	back	ADV	_	16 bringing	advmod
20	up	up	ADP	_	22 chew	mark
21	to	to	PART	_	22 chew	mark
22	chew	chew	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 bringing	advcl
23	again	again	ADV	_	22 chew	advmod
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 bringing	punct
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 predict	punct
26	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 predict	csubj
27	down	down	ADV	_	26 lying	advmod
28	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 predict	aux
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	30 predict	advmod
30	predict	predict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 lie	parataxis
31	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 predict	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lie	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	lie down	present	Cows			for many reasons; down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	rest	gerund	many reasons not said here				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	chew	gerund	many reasons not said here	cow's cud			vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient
4	bring back	gerund		swallowed grass			vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent grass=Theme
5	swallow	participle					vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	chew	to-infinitive			again		vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	lie down	gerund				down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	not predict	present · do-support	lying	rain			vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rain=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:007-pets-and-farm-animals.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/7-pets-and-farm-animals/12/