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Wind and weather, sentence 13

A plane's wings turn air downwards and make the air over the top flow faster with lower pressure, so the air pushes the wings up; the faster the plane goes, the more lift (upward push) its wings make, so it races along the runway first.

Who acts: wings, air, plane · What happens: turn, make, flow, push up, go, race · To what, where: air, top, wings, more lift, runway

This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, air, plane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

detnmod:posscasensubjobjadvmodccconjdetobjcasedetoblxcompadvmodcaseamodoblpunctadvmoddetnsubjparataxisdetobjcompound:prtpunctdetadvcldetnsubjconjpunctdetamodobjpunctamodappospunctnmod:possnsubjadvclpunctadvmodnsubjconjcasedetobladvmodpunctrootADETplaneNOUN'sPARTwingsNOUNturnVERBairNOUNdownwardsADVandCCONJmakeVERBtheDETairNOUNoverADPtheDETtopNOUNflowVERBfasterADVwithADPlowerADJpressureNOUN,PUNCTsoADVtheDETairNOUNpushesVERBtheDETwingsNOUNupADP;PUNCTtheDETfasterADJtheDETplaneNOUNgoesVERB,PUNCTtheDETmoreADJliftNOUN(PUNCTupwardADJpushNOUN)PUNCTitsPRONwingsNOUNmakeVERB,PUNCTsoADVitPRONracesVERBalongADPtheDETrunwayNOUNfirstADV.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 planedet
2planeplaneNOUNNumber=Sing4 wingsnmod:poss
3's'sPART_2 planecase
4wingswingNOUNNumber=Plur5 turnnsubj
5turnturnVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6airairNOUNNumber=Sing5 turnobj
7downwardsdownwardsADV_5 turnadvmod
8andandCCONJ_9 makecc
9makemakeVERBVerbForm=Inf5 turnconj
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 airdet
11airairNOUNNumber=Sing9 makeobj
12overoverADP_14 topcase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 topdet
14toptopNOUNNumber=Sing15 flowobl
15flowflowVERBVerbForm=Inf9 makexcomp
16fasterfastADVDegree=Cmp15 flowadvmod
17withwithADP_19 pressurecase
18lowerlowADJDegree=Cmp19 pressureamod
19pressurepressureNOUNNumber=Sing15 flowobl
20,,PUNCT_24 pushespunct
21sosoADV_24 pushesadvmod
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 airdet
23airairNOUNNumber=Sing24 pushesnsubj
24pushespushVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 turnparataxis
25thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 wingsdet
26wingswingNOUNNumber=Plur24 pushesobj
27upupADP_24 pushescompound:prt
28;;PUNCT_33 goespunct
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 fasterdet
30fasterfastADJDegree=Cmp33 goesadvcl
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 planedet
32planeplaneNOUNNumber=Sing33 goesnsubj
33goesgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin24 pushesconj
34,,PUNCT_33 goespunct
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 liftdet
36moremoreADJDegree=Cmp37 liftamod
37liftliftNOUNNumber=Sing44 makeobj
38((PUNCT_40 pushpunct
39upwardupwardADJDegree=Pos40 pushamod
40pushpushNOUNNumber=Sing37 liftappos
41))PUNCT_40 pushpunct
42itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs43 wingsnmod:poss
43wingswingNOUNNumber=Plur44 makensubj
44makemakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin33 goesadvcl
45,,PUNCT_48 racespunct
46sosoADV_48 racesadvmod
47ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs48 racesnsubj
48racesraceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin24 pushesconj
49alongalongADP_51 runwaycase
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 runwaydet
51runwayrunwayNOUNNumber=Sing48 racesobl
52firstfirstADVNumForm=Word NumType=Ord48 racesadvmod
53..PUNCT_5 turnpunct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1turnpresenta plane's wingsairdownwards propertyvn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2makeinfinitivea plane's wings not said herethe airtree rules
3flowinfinitivethe air not said herethe topwith lower pressure; fast propertyvn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over top=Location
4push uppresentthe airthe wingsvn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme
5gopresentthe planevn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6makepresentair's wingsthe more liftvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lift=Product
7racepresentairthe runwayfirst propertyvn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along runway=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/13/