Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums, sentence 2
When you breathe in, a muscle under your lungs pulls down and makes more room, the pressure in your lungs drops, and the air outside pushes in, just like water into a syringe when you pull the plunger.
Who acts: you, muscle, pressure, air · What happens: breathe in, pull down, make, drop, push in, pull · To what, where: more room, plunger
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, muscle, pressure, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 breathe | mark |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 breathe | nsubj |
| 3 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 pulls | advcl |
| 4 | in | in | ADV | _ | 3 breathe | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 breathe | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 muscle | det |
| 7 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 pulls | nsubj |
| 8 | under | under | ADP | _ | 10 lungs | case |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 lungs | nmod:poss |
| 10 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 muscle | nmod |
| 11 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | down | down | ADP | _ | 11 pulls | compound:prt |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 makes | cc |
| 14 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 pulls | conj |
| 15 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 room | amod |
| 16 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 makes | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 drops | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 pressure | det |
| 19 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drops | nsubj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 lungs | case |
| 21 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 lungs | nmod:poss |
| 22 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 pressure | nmod |
| 23 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 pulls | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 pushes | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 pushes | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 air | det |
| 27 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 pushes | nsubj |
| 28 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 27 air | advmod |
| 29 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 drops | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADV | _ | 29 pushes | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 water | punct |
| 32 | just | just | ADV | _ | 34 water | advmod |
| 33 | like | like | ADP | _ | 34 water | case |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 pushes | obl |
| 35 | into | into | ADP | _ | 37 syringe | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 syringe | det |
| 37 | syringe | syringe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 water | nmod |
| 38 | when | when | ADV | _ | 40 pull | mark |
| 39 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 40 pull | nsubj |
| 40 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 pulls | advcl |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 plunger | det |
| 42 | plunger | plunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 pull | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 pulls | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe in | present | you | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | pull down | present | a muscle under your lungs | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | make | present | a muscle under your lungs not said here | more room | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset room=Product | ||||
| 4 | drop | present | the pressure in your lungs | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | push in | present | the air | like water into a syringe | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | pull | present | you | the plunger | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plunger=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/2/