Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums, sentence 3
Warmth changes pressure too: a warm gas pushes harder, a cold one pushes less, so a balloon in the freezer shrinks and a jar sealed hot pulls its lid in as it cools.
Who acts: Warmth, warm gas, cold one, balloon, jar, pressure · What happens: change, push, shrink, seal, pull in, cool · To what, where: pressure, lid
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Warmth, warm gas, cold one, balloon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 changes | nsubj |
| 2 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 changes | obj |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 2 changes | advmod |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 pushes | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 gas | det |
| 7 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 gas | amod |
| 8 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pushes | nsubj |
| 9 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 changes | parataxis |
| 10 | harder | hard | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 pushes | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 pushes | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 one | det |
| 13 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 one | amod |
| 14 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 pushes | nsubj |
| 15 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 pushes | conj |
| 16 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 15 pushes | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 shrinks | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 shrinks | advmod |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 balloon | det |
| 20 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 shrinks | nsubj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 freezer | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 freezer | det |
| 23 | freezer | freezer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 balloon | nmod |
| 24 | shrinks | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 changes | parataxis |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 pulls | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 jar | det |
| 27 | jar | jar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pulls | nsubj |
| 28 | sealed | seal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 jar | amod |
| 29 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 sealed | amod |
| 30 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 shrinks | conj |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 lid | nmod:poss |
| 32 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pulls | obj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 pulls | compound:prt |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 cools | mark |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 cools | nsubj |
| 36 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 pulls | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 changes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Warmth | pressure | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Patient | ||||
| 2 | push | present | a warm gas | hard property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | push | present | a cold one | less property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | shrink | present | a balloon in the freezer | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | seal | participle | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | pull in | present | a jar | pressure's lid | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Theme | ||||
| 7 | cool | present | pressure | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/3/