Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 12
A plane flying faster than sound piles its sound waves up into one big shock wave that is heard on the ground as a sonic boom; a cracking whip makes a tiny one.
Who acts: plane, cracking whip, Sound · What happens: fly, pile, hear, make, wave · To what, where: sound waves, one big shock wave, ground, tiny one
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plane, cracking whip, Sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 plane | det |
| 2 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 piles | nsubj |
| 3 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 plane | acl |
| 4 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 flying | advmod |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 sound | case |
| 6 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flying | obl |
| 7 | piles | pile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 waves | nmod:poss |
| 9 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 waves | compound |
| 10 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 piles | obj |
| 11 | up | up | ADV | _ | 7 piles | advmod |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 wave | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 wave | nummod |
| 14 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 wave | amod |
| 15 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 wave | compound |
| 16 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 piles | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 heard | aux:pass |
| 19 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 wave | acl:relcl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 ground | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ground | det |
| 22 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 heard | obl |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 boom | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 boom | det |
| 25 | sonic | sonic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 boom | amod |
| 26 | boom | boom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 heard | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 makes | punct |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 whip | det |
| 29 | cracking | cracking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 whip | compound |
| 30 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 makes | nsubj |
| 31 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 piles | conj |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 one | det |
| 33 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 one | amod |
| 34 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 makes | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 piles | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | a plane not said here | than sound; fast property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | pile | present | a plane | Sound's sound waves | one big shock wave | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wave=Theme into wave=Destination | |||
| 3 | hear | present · passive | one big shock wave | the ground | as a sonic boom | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | make | present | a cracking whip | a tiny one | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material one=Product | ||||
| 5 | wave | Sound | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/12/