Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 3
When an ambulance races towards you its sound waves are squashed together and the siren sounds higher; as it drives away they are stretched out and it sounds lower.
Who acts: ambulance, siren · What happens: race, squash, sound, drive away, stretch out, wave · To what, where: sound waves, waves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ambulance, siren), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 races | mark |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 ambulance | det |
| 3 | ambulance | ambulance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 races | nsubj |
| 4 | races | race | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 squashed | advcl |
| 5 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 6 you | case |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 races | obl |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 waves | nmod:poss |
| 8 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 waves | compound |
| 9 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 squashed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 squashed | aux:pass |
| 11 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | together | together | ADV | _ | 11 squashed | advmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 sounds | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 siren | det |
| 15 | siren | siren | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sounds | nsubj |
| 16 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 squashed | conj |
| 17 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 sounds | xcomp |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 drives | punct |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 drives | mark |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 drives | nsubj |
| 21 | drives | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 stretched | advcl |
| 22 | away | away | ADV | _ | 21 drives | advmod |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 stretched | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 stretched | aux:pass |
| 25 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 squashed | conj |
| 26 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 stretched | compound:prt |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 sounds | cc |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 sounds | nsubj |
| 29 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 stretched | conj |
| 30 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 sounds | xcomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 squashed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | race | present | a ambulance | towards you | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards you=Destination | ||||
| 2 | squash | present · passive | ambulance's sound waves | together property | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | sound | present | the siren | high property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | drive away | present | siren | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | stretch out | present · passive | waves = wave | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 6 | sound | present | siren | low property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | wave | ambulance | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/3/