Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 9

A siren sounds higher as it comes towards you and lower as it goes away, because its waves are squashed in front and stretched out behind; astronomers use the same squashing and stretching of starlight to tell how fast a star moves towards or away from us.

Who acts: siren, astronomers, star · What happens: sound, come, go away, squash, stretch out, use · To what, where: waves, front, same squashing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (siren, astronomers, star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 siren	det
2	siren	siren	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sounds	nsubj
3	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 sounds	xcomp
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 comes	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 comes	nsubj
7	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 higher	advcl
8	towards	towards	ADP	_	9 you	case
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 comes	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 lower	cc
11	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 higher	conj
12	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 goes	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 goes	nsubj
14	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 lower	advcl
15	away	away	ADV	_	14 goes	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 squashed	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	21 squashed	mark
18	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 waves	nmod:poss
19	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 squashed	nsubj
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 squashed	aux:pass
21	squashed	squash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sounds	advcl
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 front	case
23	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 squashed	obl
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 stretched	cc
25	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 squashed	conj
26	out	out	ADP	_	25 stretched	compound:prt
27	behind	behind	ADV	_	25 stretched	advmod
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 use	punct
29	astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 use	nsubj
30	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sounds	parataxis
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 squashing	det
32	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 squashing	amod
33	squashing	squash	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 use	obj
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 stretching	cc
35	stretching	stretch	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 squashing	conj
36	of	of	ADP	_	37 starlight	case
37	starlight	starlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 stretching	obl
38	to	to	PART	_	39 tell	mark
39	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 use	advcl
40	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	41 fast	advmod
41	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	44 moves	advmod
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 star	det
43	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 moves	nsubj
44	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 tell	ccomp
45	towards	towards	ADV	_	47 away	advmod
46	or	or	CCONJ	_	47 away	cc
47	away	away	ADV	_	44 moves	advmod
48	from	from	ADP	_	49 us	case
49	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	47 away	obl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sounds	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sound	present	a siren			high property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	come	present	siren			towards you	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards you=Initial_Location
3	go away	present	siren			away property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	squash	present · passive		siren's waves	front		vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in front=Trajectory
5	stretch out	participle				behind property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	use	present	astronomers	the same squashing and stretching			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squash=Patient
7	tell speech: assert	to-infinitive	astronomers not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	move	present	a star			away, fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
9	wave		siren				nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/9/