The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them, sentence 16
A shooting star is not a star: it is a bit of space rock, often no bigger than a grain of sand, glowing as it rushes into the air, because the air in front of it gets squashed and very hot.
Who acts: shooting star, star · What happens: not be, be, glow, rush, squash · To what, where: star, bit, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon, the planets and the pull that holds them» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shooting star, star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 star | det |
| 2 | shooting | shooting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 star | compound |
| 3 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 star | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 star | cop |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 star | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 star | det |
| 7 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 bit | punct |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 bit | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 bit | cop |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 bit | det |
| 12 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 star | parataxis |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 rock | case |
| 14 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rock | compound |
| 15 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bit | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 bigger | punct |
| 17 | often | often | ADV | _ | 19 bigger | advmod |
| 18 | no | no | ADV | _ | 19 bigger | advmod |
| 19 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 bit | amod |
| 20 | than | than | ADP | _ | 22 grain | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 grain | det |
| 22 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bigger | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 sand | case |
| 24 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 grain | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 glowing | punct |
| 26 | glowing | glow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 star | parataxis |
| 27 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 rushes | mark |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 rushes | nsubj |
| 29 | rushes | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 glowing | advcl |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 air | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 air | det |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 rushes | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 squashed | punct |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 42 squashed | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 air | det |
| 36 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 squashed | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 front | case |
| 38 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 air | nmod |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 it | case |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 front | nmod |
| 41 | gets | get | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 squashed | aux:pass |
| 42 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 glowing | advcl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 hot | cc |
| 44 | very | very | ADV | _ | 45 hot | advmod |
| 45 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 squashed | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 star | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | present | a shooting star | a star | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | star | a bit | of space rock | tree rules | |||
| 3 | glow | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | rush | present | star | into the air result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into air=Result | ||||
| 5 | squash | present · passive | the air in front of star | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:002-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-pull.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/2-the-moon-the-planets-and-the-pull/16/