Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, sentence 16

A straw in water looks bent because light changes direction as it passes from water into air, and herons aim carefully because a fish is not quite where it looks.

Who acts: straw, light, herons, fish · What happens: look, change, pass, aim, not be · To what, where: direction, water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straw, light, herons, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 straw	det
2	straw	straw	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 looks	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 straw	nmod
5	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	bent	bent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 looks	xcomp
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 changes	mark
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 changes	nsubj
9	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 looks	advcl
10	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 changes	obj
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 passes	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 passes	nsubj
13	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 changes	advcl
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 water	case
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 passes	obl
16	into	into	ADP	_	17 air	case
17	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 passes	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 aim	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 aim	cc
20	herons	heron	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 aim	nsubj
21	aim	aim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 looks	conj
22	carefully	carefully	ADV	_	21 aim	advmod
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	31 looks	mark
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 fish	det
25	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 looks	nsubj
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 looks	cop
27	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	31 looks	advmod
28	quite	quite	ADV	_	31 looks	advmod
29	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	31 looks	advmod
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 looks	nsubj
31	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 aim	advcl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 looks	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	look	present	a straw in water			bent property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	change	present	light	direction			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient
3	pass	present	light		water	into air	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from water=Initial_Location into air=Destination
4	aim	present	herons			carefully property	vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
5	not is	present	a fish			look property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/16/