Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, sentence 3

The sky is blue because the tiny bits of the air scatter blue light all over the sky much more than red; at sunset the light crosses so much air that most of the blue is scattered away, leaving orange and red.

Who acts: sky, tiny bits, light · What happens: be, scatter, cross, scatter away, leave · To what, where: blue light, sky, much air, most, orange

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sky, tiny bits, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sky	det
2	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blue	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blue	cop
4	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 scatter	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bits	det
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bits	amod
8	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 scatter	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 air	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bits	nmod
12	scatter	scatter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blue	advcl
13	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 light	amod
14	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 scatter	obj
15	all	all	ADV	_	18 sky	advmod
16	over	over	ADP	_	18 sky	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sky	det
18	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 scatter	obl
19	much	much	ADV	_	20 more	advmod
20	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 scatter	advmod
21	than	than	ADP	_	22 red	case
22	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 more	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 crosses	punct
24	at	at	ADP	_	25 sunset	case
25	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 crosses	obl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 light	det
27	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 crosses	nsubj
28	crosses	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blue	parataxis
29	so	so	ADV	_	30 much	advmod
30	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 air	amod
31	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 crosses	obj
32	that	that	SCONJ	_	38 scattered	mark
33	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	38 scattered	nsubj
34	of	of	ADP	_	36 blue	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 blue	det
36	blue	blue	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 most	nmod
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 scattered	aux:pass
38	scattered	scatter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 crosses	advcl
39	away	away	ADV	_	38 scattered	advmod
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 leaving	punct
41	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	38 scattered	advcl
42	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 leaving	obj
43	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 red	cc
44	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 orange	conj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 blue	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the sky				blue property	tree rules
2	scatter	present	the tiny bits of the air	blue light	the sky			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent light=Theme over sky=Destination
3	cross	present	the light	much air		sunset		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
4	scatter away	present · passive		most of the blue			away property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
5	leave	gerund		orange				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orange=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:021-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/3/