Lenses and eyes, sentence 1
Hold a magnifying glass over an ant and the bent light makes the ant look huge, but the same lens can gather sunlight into a tiny burning spot, so it is never pointed at the Sun or anything alive.
Who acts: you, bent light, ant, same lens · What happens: hold, magnify, make, look, gather, not point · To what, where: magnifying glass, ant, sunlight, lens, Sun
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bent light, ant, same lens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 glass | det |
| 3 | magnifying | magnify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 glass | amod |
| 4 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Hold | obj |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 ant | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 ant | det |
| 7 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Hold | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 makes | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 light | det |
| 10 | bent | bent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 light | amod |
| 11 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 makes | nsubj |
| 12 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Hold | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 ant | det |
| 14 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 makes | obj |
| 15 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 makes | xcomp |
| 16 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 look | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 gather | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 gather | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lens | det |
| 20 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 lens | amod |
| 21 | lens | lens | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gather | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 gather | aux |
| 23 | gather | gather | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Hold | conj |
| 24 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gather | obj |
| 25 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 spot | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 spot | det |
| 27 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 spot | amod |
| 28 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 spot | compound |
| 29 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gather | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 pointed | punct |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 pointed | advmod |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 pointed | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 pointed | aux:pass |
| 34 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 35 pointed | advmod |
| 35 | pointed | point | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Hold | parataxis |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 Sun | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Sun | det |
| 38 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 pointed | obl |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 40 anything | cc |
| 40 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 38 Sun | conj |
| 41 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 anything | amod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Hold | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | imperative | you not said here | a magnifying glass | a ant | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent glass=Theme over ant=Location | |||
| 2 | magnify | gerund | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | make | present | the bent light | the ant | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | look | infinitive | the ant not said here | huge property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | gather | can | the same lens | sunlight | into a tiny burning spot | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient into spot=Co-Patient | |||
| 6 | not point | present · passive | lens | the Sun | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:022-lenses-and-eyes.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/1/