Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 10
A lid slows the cooling of a hot drink, because less steam escapes.
Who acts: lid, less steam · What happens: slow, escape, cool · To what, where: cooling, hot drink
This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lid, less steam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lid | det |
| 2 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slows | nsubj |
| 3 | slows | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cooling | det |
| 5 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slows | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 drink | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 drink | det |
| 8 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 drink | amod |
| 9 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cooling | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 slows | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 14 escapes | mark |
| 12 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 steam | amod |
| 13 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 escapes | nsubj |
| 14 | escapes | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 slows | advcl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 slows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slow | present | a lid | the cooling of a hot drink | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cooling=Patient | ||||
| 2 | escape | present | less steam | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cool | a hot drink | nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/10/