Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 2
Heat travels in three ways: along solid things, as in a metal spoon that gets hot at the handle; carried by moving air or water, as warm air rises from a radiator; and as invisible rays, as a campfire warms your face across the cold night air.
Who acts: Heat, metal spoon, warm air, campfire · What happens: travel, get, carry, rise, warm · To what, where: three ways, handle, radiator, face, cold night air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heat, metal spoon, warm air, campfire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 travels | nsubj |
| 2 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 ways | case |
| 4 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 ways | nummod |
| 5 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 travels | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 things | punct |
| 7 | along | along | ADP | _ | 9 things | case |
| 8 | solid | solid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 things | amod |
| 9 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ways | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 spoon | punct |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 spoon | case |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 spoon | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 spoon | det |
| 14 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 spoon | compound |
| 15 | spoon | spoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 things | acl |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 gets | nsubj |
| 17 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 spoon | acl:relcl |
| 18 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 gets | xcomp |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 handle | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 handle | det |
| 21 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 gets | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 carried | punct |
| 23 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 gets | parataxis |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 air | case |
| 25 | moving | move | ADJ | _ | 26 air | amod |
| 26 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 carried | obl |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 water | cc |
| 28 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 air | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 rises | punct |
| 30 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 33 rises | mark |
| 31 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 air | amod |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rises | nsubj |
| 33 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 carried | advcl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 radiator | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 radiator | det |
| 36 | radiator | radiator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rises | obl |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 rays | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 rays | cc |
| 39 | as | as | ADP | _ | 41 rays | case |
| 40 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 rays | amod |
| 41 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 things | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 warms | punct |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 46 warms | mark |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 campfire | det |
| 45 | campfire | campfire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 warms | nsubj |
| 46 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 rays | advcl |
| 47 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 face | nmod:poss |
| 48 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 warms | obj |
| 49 | across | across | ADP | _ | 53 air | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 air | det |
| 51 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 air | amod |
| 52 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 air | compound |
| 53 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 warms | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 travels | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | present | Heat | three ways and solid things and invisible rays | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | get | present | a metal spoon | the handle | hot property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | carry | participle | by moving air or water | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | rise | present | warm air | a radiator | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from radiator=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | warm | present | a campfire | your face | the cold night air | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent face=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/2/