Heat moves: hot to cold, sentence 1
That is why your hot cocoa cools on the table and an ice cube melts in your warm hand, and why your hand feels cold: it is losing its heat to the ice.
Who acts: That, hot cocoa, ice cube, hand · What happens: be, cool, melt, feel, lose, heat · To what, where: table, warm hand, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, hot cocoa, ice cube, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 why | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 why | cop |
| 3 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Rel | root | root |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 cocoa | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cocoa | amod |
| 6 | cocoa | cocoa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cools | nsubj |
| 7 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 why | ccomp |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 table | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 table | det |
| 10 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cools | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 melts | cc |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cube | det |
| 13 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cube | compound |
| 14 | cube | cube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 melts | nsubj |
| 15 | melts | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cools | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 hand | case |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 hand | nmod:poss |
| 18 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 hand | amod |
| 19 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 melts | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 feels | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 feels | cc |
| 22 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 feels | advmod |
| 23 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hand | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 feels | nsubj |
| 25 | feels | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cools | conj |
| 26 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 feels | xcomp |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 losing | punct |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 losing | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 losing | aux |
| 30 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 why | parataxis |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 heat | nmod:poss |
| 32 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 losing | obj |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 ice | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 ice | det |
| 35 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 losing | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 why | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | That | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cool | present | your hot cocoa | the table | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | melt | present | a ice cube | your warm hand | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | feel | present | your hand | cold property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | lose | present · progressive | hand | hand's heat | to the ice | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | heat | hand | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:023-heat-moves-hot-to-cold.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/1/