Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat, sentence 8
A flask has two walls with almost no air between them, so heat can hardly cross, and shiny walls bounce heat rays back.
Who acts: flask, heat, shiny walls · What happens: have, cross, bounce back · To what, where: two walls, heat rays
This is a sentence of the lesson «Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flask, heat, shiny walls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 flask | det |
| 2 | flask | flask | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 walls | nummod |
| 5 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 air | case |
| 7 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 9 air | advmod |
| 8 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 9 air | det |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 walls | nmod |
| 10 | between | between | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 air | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 cross | punct |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 cross | advmod |
| 14 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cross | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 cross | aux |
| 16 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 17 cross | advmod |
| 17 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 has | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bounce | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 bounce | cc |
| 20 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 walls | amod |
| 21 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 bounce | nsubj |
| 22 | bounce | bounce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 cross | conj |
| 23 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 rays | compound |
| 24 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 bounce | obj |
| 25 | back | back | ADV | _ | 22 bounce | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a flask | two walls | with no air between walls | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient | |||
| 2 | cross | can | heat | hardly property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bounce back | present | shiny walls | heat rays | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:025-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/25-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool/8/