Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks, sentence 10

A jumper crackles and sparks in the dark when you take it off, because rubbing fabrics build up charge and each crackle is a tiny spark.

Who acts: jumper, you, rubbing fabrics, crackle · What happens: crackle, spark, take off, rub, build up, be · To what, where: dark, jumper, charge, tiny spark

This is a sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jumper, you, rubbing fabrics, crackle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jumper	det
2	jumper	jumper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crackles	nsubj
3	crackles	crackle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 sparks	cc
5	sparks	spark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crackles	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 dark	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dark	det
8	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crackles	obl
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 take	advmod
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 take	nsubj
11	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crackles	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 take	obj
13	off	off	ADP	_	11 take	compound:prt
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 build	punct
15	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 build	mark
16	rubbing	rub	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 fabrics	amod
17	fabrics	fabric	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 build	nsubj
18	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crackles	advcl
19	up	up	ADP	_	18 build	compound:prt
20	charge	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 build	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 spark	cc
22	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	23 crackle	det
23	crackle	crackle	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 spark	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 spark	cop
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 spark	det
26	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 spark	amod
27	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 charge	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crackles	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	crackle	present	a jumper		the dark	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location
2	spark	present	a jumper not said here			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition
3	take off	present	you	jumper		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	rub	gerund				vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
5	build up	present	rubbing fabrics	charge and a tiny spark		vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer charge=Patient
6	is a	present	each crackle	a tiny spark		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/10/