Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks, sentence 11
Clothes stick together after the tumble dryer because tumbling charges them, while clothes dried on a line in open air hardly ever cling, and a dryer sheet tumbled with them stops the charge building up.
Who acts: Clothes, dryer sheet · What happens: stick together, tumble, charge, dry, cling, stop · To what, where: Clothes, line, dryer sheet, charge building
This is a sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Clothes, dryer sheet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 2 stick | nsubj |
| 2 | stick | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | together | together | ADV | _ | 2 stick | advmod |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 dryer | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 dryer | det |
| 6 | tumble | tumble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dryer | compound |
| 7 | dryer | dryer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stick | obl |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 charges | mark |
| 9 | tumbling | tumble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 charges | nsubj |
| 10 | charges | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 stick | advcl |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 charges | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 cling | punct |
| 13 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 24 cling | mark |
| 14 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 24 cling | nsubj |
| 15 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 clothes | acl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 line | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 line | det |
| 18 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dried | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 air | case |
| 20 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 air | amod |
| 21 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 clothes | nmod |
| 22 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 24 cling | advmod |
| 23 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 24 cling | advmod |
| 24 | cling | cling | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 stick | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 stops | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 stops | cc |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 sheet | det |
| 28 | dryer | dryer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sheet | compound |
| 29 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 stops | nsubj |
| 30 | tumbled | tumble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 sheet | acl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 them | case |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 tumbled | obl |
| 33 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 cling | conj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 charge | det |
| 35 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 building | compound |
| 36 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 stops | obj |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 36 building | compound:prt |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stick | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stick together | present | Clothes | after the tumble dryer | together property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | tumble | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 3 | charge | present | Clothes | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location they=Theme | |||||
| 4 | dry | participle | clothes in open air not said here | a line | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | cling | infinitive | clothes in open air | ever | hardly property | vn cling-22.5 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | tumble | participle | a dryer sheet not said here | with Clothes | vn mix-22.1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with they=Co-Patient | ||||
| 7 | stop | present | a dryer sheet | charge building | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality building=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/11/