Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks, sentence 2
When enough charge builds up it can jump across a gap as a spark, like the tiny zap from a door handle after you shuffle across the carpet, or the crackle of a jumper pulled off in the dark.
Who acts: enough charge, charge, you, jumper · What happens: build up, jump, shuffle, pull off, crackle · To what, where: gap, carpet, crackle, dark
This is a sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enough charge, charge, you, jumper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Rel | 4 builds | advmod |
| 2 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 charge | amod |
| 3 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 builds | nsubj |
| 4 | builds | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 jump | advcl |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 builds | compound:prt |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 jump | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 jump | aux |
| 8 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | across | across | ADP | _ | 11 gap | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 gap | det |
| 11 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 jump | obl |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 spark | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 spark | det |
| 14 | spark | spark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 jump | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 zap | punct |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 zap | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 zap | det |
| 18 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 zap | amod |
| 19 | zap | zap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 jump | obl |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 handle | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 handle | det |
| 22 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 handle | compound |
| 23 | handle | handle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 zap | nmod |
| 24 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 26 shuffle | mark |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 shuffle | nsubj |
| 26 | shuffle | shuffle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 zap | advcl |
| 27 | across | across | ADP | _ | 29 carpet | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 carpet | det |
| 29 | carpet | carpet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 shuffle | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 crackle | punct |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 crackle | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 crackle | det |
| 33 | crackle | crackle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 zap | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 jumper | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 jumper | det |
| 36 | jumper | jumper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 crackle | nmod |
| 37 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 crackle | acl |
| 38 | off | off | ADP | _ | 37 pulled | compound:prt |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 dark | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 dark | det |
| 41 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 pulled | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 jump | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build up | present | enough charge | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | jump | can | charge | a gap | as a spark; like the tiny zap from a door handle or the crackle of a jumper | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across gap=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | shuffle | present | you | the carpet | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across carpet=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | pull off | participle | the crackle of a jumper not said here | the dark | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | crackle | a jumper | nom crackle «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/2/